Fig. 3

Significant Metabolite Changes Between OC II-III and OC IV Groups. (A) Volcano Plot: Red dots represent metabolites upregulated in OC IV, while blue dots represent those upregulated in OC II-III. Thresholds: fold change ≥ 1.2 and raw p-value ≤ 0.05. (B) Circular Heatmap: Displays intensity variations of 16 significant microbiota-derived metabolites across 7 OC II-III and 3 OC IV biological replicates. Analysis was performed using t-tests (raw p-value ≤ 0.05, fold change ≥ 1.2), with clustering based on Ward’s hierarchical method and Euclidean distance. (C) Raincloud Plots: Show significantly different metabolites between OC II-III and OC IV groups: (a) 1-methylhistidine, (b) 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, (c) 4-pyridoxic acid, (d) benzyl alcohol, (e) biliverdin, (f) butyryl-L-carnitine, (g) hydroxypropionic acid, (h) indole, (i) LPI 18:1, (j) mevalonic acid, (k) N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, (l) naringenin, (m) nudifloramide, (n) o-cresol, (o) octadecanedioic acid, and (p) phenol. Unpaired t-tests were applied for comparisons (*p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <.001, ****p <.0001). Dots represent individual data points; the boxplot’s central line indicates the median, with quartiles represented by box edges, and half-violins illustrating data distributions. (D) Sankey Plot: Depicts microbial phyla and their respective superkingdoms associated with altered metabolites, emphasizing the dominant role of bacteria and their interactions with Eukaryota/Fungi and Archaea in the ascites of advanced ovarian cancer. Abbreviations: LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; MG, monoacylglycerol; Phe-Phe, phenylalanine-phenylalanine; Phe-Leu, phenylalanine-leucine; CerP, ceramide phosphate; SM, sphingomyelin; LPI, lysophosphatidylinositol; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PPA, phenylpropionic acid; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine