Fig. 4

Inhibition of CYP19A1 or mitochondrial complex I suppresses mitochondrial respiration in CRC cells. (A-D) SW480 and HT29 cells were treated with DMSO (vehicle control), anastrozole (CYP19A1 inhibitor), or IACS-010759 (IACS, mitochondrial complex I inhibitor), and the OCR was measured using the Seahorse Mito Stress Test. Basal, ATP-linked, and maximal respiration were assessed by sequential treatment with oligomycin (O), FCCP (F), and rotenone/antimycin A (R/A). (E, F) Relative cellular ATP content (E) and ROS levels (F) in SW480 and HT29 cells treated with DMSO, anastrozole, or IACS were measured using commercially available assay kits. Statistical significance of the anastrozole and IACS groups compared to the DMSO group was determined using Student’s t-test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). Data are presented as mean ± SD. (A-D) n = 6; (E, F) n = 3